Introduction
The German School of Geography emerged in the 19th century, characterized by a strong inclination towards empirical approach and a focus on regional geography. It was influenced by prominent figures such as Alexander von Humboldt, Carl Ritter, Friedrich Ratzel, and Alfred Hettner. This school emphasized systematic study of landscapes, human-environment interactions, and the spatial organization of societies.
Table of Contents
Area of Work
The German School's primary area of work encompassed physical and human geography, with an interdisciplinary approach that integrated elements of geology, ecology, anthropology, and sociology. Its researchers explored spatial patterns, environmental processes, and cultural landscapes across various scales.
Specialization
The German geographers specialized in different aspects of geography. Humboldt explored biogeography and emphasized the unity of nature. Ritter focused on regional geography and developed the concept of "chorology." Ratzel contributed to political geography and introduced the concept of Lebensraum (living space). Hettner emphasized the importance of regional landscape studies and cultural landscapes.
Significant Contribution
The German School significantly contributed to the development of modern geography by integrating physical and human geography. They promoted interdisciplinary approaches. Their emphasis on empirical research and systematic study laid the foundation for many geographical methodologies still used today.
Major Works
Alexander von Humboldt's "Kosmos" presented his comprehensive understanding of the natural world.
Ritter's masterwork, Die Erdkunde (Geography in Relation to Nature and the History of Mankind), is an encyclopaedia of geographical information.
Friedrich Ratzel's "Anthropogeography" discussed the relationship between humans and their environment.
Alfred Hettner's "Geographical Landscape Studies" highlighted the importance of landscape analysis in geographical research.
Overall, the German School of Geography played a pivotal role in shaping the discipline and remains influential in contemporary geographical thought.
