Table of Contents
India's climate is diverse, ranging from tropical in the south to temperate and alpine in the north. The country experiences four main seasons: winter (January-February), summer (March-May), monsoon (June-September), and post-monsoon (October-December).
Climatic Regions of India:
1. Tropical Wet (Humid) Climate:
- Regions: Western coastal plains, Western Ghats, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
- Features: High temperatures and heavy rainfall throughout the year.
- Examples: Mumbai, Kochi.
2. Tropical Dry Climate:
- Regions: Central and northwestern parts, including Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh.
- Features: High temperatures, scanty rainfall, and dry conditions.
- Examples: Jaipur, Ahmedabad.
3. Tropical Wet and Dry (Savanna) Climate:
- Regions: Central and eastern parts of peninsular India.
- Features: Distinct wet and dry seasons; moderate to high temperatures.
- Examples: Nagpur, Hyderabad.
4. Subtropical Humid Climate:
- Regions: Northern plains, including Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar.
- Features: Hot summers, cold winters, and moderate to high rainfall.
- Examples: Delhi, Lucknow.
5. Mountain Climate:
- Regions: Himalayan region.
- Features: Temperature decreases with altitude; rainfall varies, snow in higher altitudes.
- Examples: Shimla, Leh.
6. Tropical Desert Climate:
- Regions: Thar Desert in Rajasthan.
- Features: Extremely high temperatures in summer, very low rainfall.
- Examples: Jaisalmer, Bikaner.
7. Tropical Semi-Arid (Steppe) Climate:
- Regions: Southern parts of the Deccan Plateau.
- Features: Moderate to high temperatures, limited rainfall.
- Examples: Bangalore, Pune.
Conclusion
India's climate is influenced by its vast size, varied topography, and the influence of the monsoon winds. The southwest monsoon brings significant rainfall to most parts of the country, while the northeast monsoon affects the southeastern regions. These climatic conditions support diverse ecosystems and agricultural practices across India.
