Economic geography is a comprehensive field that investigates how economic activities are organized, distributed, and shaped by spatial factors globally. It provides vital insights into the relationship between geography and economic processes, influencing societies and environments. The scope of economic geography includes several key areas:

• Spatial Distribution of Economic Activities: This examines how activities such as agriculture, manufacturing, and services are distributed across regions, influenced by factors like resource availability, labor, and market access. It helps explain why certain industries are concentrated in specific areas.
• Location Theory: This explores the principles that guide where businesses and industries choose to locate. It includes concepts like agglomeration, where businesses benefit from being near each other, and the impact of transportation and infrastructure on site selection.
• Globalization: Economic geography assesses the impact of globalization on the world economy, including global trade patterns, multinational corporations, and the flow of capital and goods. It also explores how globalization affects local economies and regional development.
• Regional Development: This area examines why some regions experience economic growth while others do not, focusing on strategies and policies for promoting balanced regional development and addressing economic inequalities.
• Urban and Rural Economies: It studies the economic dynamics of both urban and rural areas, including urbanization, city growth, and the economic interactions between urban and rural regions. Urban areas often serve as major economic hubs.
• Transportation and Infrastructure: This focuses on how infrastructure, such as transportation networks and communication systems, supports economic activities, facilitates trade, and improves regional connectivity.
• Resource Geography: This subfield explores the distribution and management of natural resources, balancing economic benefits with environmental sustainability.
• Trade and International Economics: It examines global trade patterns, trade routes, and geopolitical issues related to trade, such as territorial disputes and resource access.
• Environmental Economics: This looks at the environmental impacts of economic activities, addressing issues like resource depletion and pollution, and advocating for sustainable development.
• Geopolitics: It studies how economic interests and resource access influence international relations and conflicts.
• Innovation and Technology: This area investigates how technological advancements and knowledge clusters drive economic growth, especially in high-tech sectors.