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India has the second largest population in the world. India's population, recorded systematically since 1901, has grown from 238 million to approximately 1.38 billion in 2021, reflecting significant demographic changes and healthcare improvements.
Population of India: Size and Growth Since 1901
Population Size and Growth (1901-2021):
1901: India's population was approximately 238 million. This period marked the beginning of systematic population recording in India.
1911: Population increased to about 252 million, showing a modest growth rate due to high mortality rates and limited healthcare.
1921: The population growth stagnated, reaching around 251 million, primarily due to the Spanish flu pandemic and famine.
1931: It was a recovery period, with the population rising to 279 million, driven by improved healthcare and declining mortality rates.
1941: Population surged to about 318 million, reflecting better healthcare and lower death rates.
1951: Post-independence era saw a significant increase to 361 million, influenced by improved public health initiatives.
1961: Population growth accelerated to 439 million, owing to higher birth rates and reduced mortality.
1971: The population reached 548 million, indicating rapid growth despite family planning efforts.
1981: The population continued to soar to 683 million, with ongoing efforts to control the birth rate.
1991: Population touched 846 million, showing the impact of both urbanization and improved living standards.
2001: India's population crossed the 1 billion marks, reaching 1.028 billion, reflecting a sustained high growth rate.
2011: Population stood at 1.21 billion, with growth rates beginning to slow due to better family planning and education.
2021: Estimated population reached approximately 1.38 billion, with growth rates continuing to decline but still significant.
Factors Influencing Population Growth:
Mortality Rates: Significant reduction in mortality rates due to advancements in healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition.
Fertility Rates: Initially high fertility rates contributed to population growth, which have gradually declined due to increased use of contraceptives and family planning programs.
Life Expectancy: Improved life expectancy from around 32 years in 1901 to over 70 years in 2021, owing to medical advancements.
Urbanization: Rapid urbanization and migration to cities have impacted population distribution and growth patterns.
Economic Development: Economic progress has influenced population growth through better healthcare, education, and living standards.
Current Demographic Trends:
Declining Growth Rate: The annual population growth rate has been decreasing, reflecting successful family planning and increased education levels.
Aging Population: With higher life expectancy, the proportion of elderly individuals in the population is rising.
Youthful Demographics: Despite the aging population, a significant proportion of the population remains under 25, providing a demographic dividend.
Regional Variations: Population growth varies across regions, with higher rates in northern states compared to southern states.
Conclusion
Overall, India’s population dynamics reflect a complex interplay of historical, social, and economic factors that have shaped its growth over the last century.
